Digestión anaerobia a bajas temperaturas
Digestión anaerobia a bajas temperaturas
Autores
Director
Castaño Rojas, Juan Mauricio
Autor corporativo
Recolector de datos
Otros/Desconocido
Director audiovisual
Editor/Compilador
Editores
Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira
Tipo de Material
Fecha
2022
Cita bibliográfica
Título de serie/ reporte/ volumen/ colección
Es Parte de
Resumen
Los digestores anaerobios de baja velocidad se usan comúnmente para producir energía a partir de estiércol de ganado (porcino y/o bovino) en granjas pequeñas y medianas; sin embargo, su uso en climas fríos, enfrenta la limitación de la disminución de la producción de biogás y la falla potencial por acidificación del lecho, no solamente por la baja temperatura ambiental, sino porque esta cambia radicalmente durante el día y de un día a otro con rangos que superan los 10°C entre mínimos y máximos. Los resultados de este estudio, llevado a cabo durante 12 meses, en un biodigestor tipo Taiwán, operado con agua de lavado de un galpón porcino, dejan claro que la conjunción temperatura y tasa de carga orgánica son variables claves para mejorar el rendimiento del biodigestor a bajas temperaturas; cargas orgánicas bajas, hacen que el biodigestor permanezca estable a pesar de los cambios violentos de temperatura; sin embargo la resistencia y robustez del lecho microbiano en climas fríos, depende no solo del uso de invernaderos fijos, que incrementan la temperatura interna del lecho aproximadamente en 5°C; si no también del acompañamiento técnico del proceso; de allí la necesidad de capacitar al productor local. El digestor mostró inestabilidad por subalimentación: relación AGVs/AT, inferior a 0.2, cuando la temperatura disminuyó por debajo de 16°C y la tasa de carga bajó a 0.15KgVS/m3. Esta temperatura se identificó como un umbral por debajo de la cual cargas bajas de alimentación y bajas temperaturas generan desestabilidad por subalimentación, inhibiendo la producción de biogás; se recomienda para futuras investigaciones, monitorear la efectividad de las estrategias de aislamiento al suelo frente a la temperatura promedio del lecho y la instalación superficial en lugar de enterrada en suelos con altos niveles freáticos.
Low speed anaerobic digesters are commonly used to produce energy from livestock manure (pig and / or bovine) on small and medium-sized farms; However, its use in cold climates faces the limitation of the decrease in biogas production and the potential failure due to acidification of the bed, not only due to the low environmental temperature, but also because it changes radically during the day and from one day to another. another with ranges that exceed 10 ° C between minimum and maximum. The results of this study, carried out over 12 months, in a Taiwan-type biodigester, operated with washing water from a pig house, make it clear that the conjunction of temperature and organic loading rate are key variables to improve the performance of the biodigester at low temperatures; low organic loads, make the biodigester remain stable despite violent temperature changes; However, the resistance and robustness of the microbial bed in cold climates depends not only on the use of fixed greenhouses, which increase the internal temperature of the bed by approximately 5 ° C; if not also of the technical accompaniment of the process; hence the need to train the local farmer. The digester showed instability due to underfeeding: AGVs / AT ratio, less than 0.2, when the temperature dropped below 16 ° C and the loading rate dropped to 0.15KgVS / m3. This temperature was identified as a threshold below which low feed loads and low temperatures generate instability due to underfeeding, inhibiting biogas production; It is recommended for future research to monitor the effectiveness of the soil insulation strategies against the average temperature of the bed and the surface installation instead of buried in soils with high water table levels.
Low speed anaerobic digesters are commonly used to produce energy from livestock manure (pig and / or bovine) on small and medium-sized farms; However, its use in cold climates faces the limitation of the decrease in biogas production and the potential failure due to acidification of the bed, not only due to the low environmental temperature, but also because it changes radically during the day and from one day to another. another with ranges that exceed 10 ° C between minimum and maximum. The results of this study, carried out over 12 months, in a Taiwan-type biodigester, operated with washing water from a pig house, make it clear that the conjunction of temperature and organic loading rate are key variables to improve the performance of the biodigester at low temperatures; low organic loads, make the biodigester remain stable despite violent temperature changes; However, the resistance and robustness of the microbial bed in cold climates depends not only on the use of fixed greenhouses, which increase the internal temperature of the bed by approximately 5 ° C; if not also of the technical accompaniment of the process; hence the need to train the local farmer. The digester showed instability due to underfeeding: AGVs / AT ratio, less than 0.2, when the temperature dropped below 16 ° C and the loading rate dropped to 0.15KgVS / m3. This temperature was identified as a threshold below which low feed loads and low temperatures generate instability due to underfeeding, inhibiting biogas production; It is recommended for future research to monitor the effectiveness of the soil insulation strategies against the average temperature of the bed and the surface installation instead of buried in soils with high water table levels.