Planificación de actividades silvícolas en plantaciones forestales usando programación lineal entera mixta
Planificación de actividades silvícolas en plantaciones forestales usando programación lineal entera mixta
Autores
Director
Toro Ocampo, Eliana Mirledy
Autor corporativo
Recolector de datos
Otros/Desconocido
Director audiovisual
Editor/Compilador
Editores
Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira
Tipo de Material
Fecha
2022
Cita bibliográfica
Título de serie/ reporte/ volumen/ colección
Es Parte de
Resumen
En la presente investigación se plantea un problema de planeación operativa desde la organización de cuadrillas de trabajo hasta la toma de decisiones en un horizonte operativo en cuanto a qué actividades realizar, dónde y cuándo realizarlas. Para esta investigación, se utilizará la metodología de secuenciación o Job Scheduling que permite la asignación de recursos para realizar un conjunto de tareas en un horizonte de tiempo determinado y así optimizar el recurso. Las actividades forestales en Colombia, especialmente en silvicultura, no tienen un manejo desde la Investigación de Operaciones IO. Generalmente son actividades planeadas desde la experiencia y conocimiento de Supervisores, Técnicos e Ingenieros. Es por ello por lo que en este trabajo se plantea un modelo de Programación Lineal Entera que permita planear las actividades silvícolas y tomar las mejores decisiones. Esta planeación permitirá maximizar la eficiencia de las operaciones y minimizar los costos en el corto plazo. Para el desarrollo de la investigación, se planteó como objetivo la implementación de un modelo que permita secuenciar las operaciones silvícolas, optimizando los tiempos de las cuadrillas de trabajo. Seguido de 4 objetivos específicos que se pensaron para el enfoque de la investigación. En este sentido se estructuró un modelo conceptual con dos componentes, el primero es un modelo de datos implementado en una base de datos relacional, el cual proporciona toda la información que requiere el segundo componente, el modelo de secuenciación de las operaciones silvícolas. En el segundo componente se evaluaron dos modelos de secuenciación, el primero con programación entera mixta o PEM y el segundo el algoritmo de ramificación y acotamiento más conocido por sus siglas en inglés Branch and Bound, ambos métodos de solución cumplieron los objetivos planteados en la investigación.
In the following research we outline a problem in the operative planning system from the organization of work crews to the decision making in an operational horizon as to what activities to perform, when to perform them and at what time to perform them. For this research, the sequencing or Job Scheduling methodology will be used, which allows the allocation of resources to perform a set of tasks in each period and thus optimize the resource. Forestry activities in Colombia, especially in Silviculture, are not managed from Operations Research OR. Generally, these activities are planned from the experience and knowledge of Supervisors, Technicians and Engineers. That is why this work proposes an Integer Linear Programming model that allows planning forestry activities and making the best decisions. This planning will maximize the efficiency of operations and minimize costs in the short term. For the development of the research, the objective was the implementation of a model that allows sequencing the silvicultural operations, optimizing the time of the work crews. Followed by 4 specific objectives that were designed for the research approach. In this sense, a conceptual model was structured with two components, the first is a data model implemented in a relational database, which provides all the information required by the second component, the sequencing model of silvicultural operations. In the second component, two sequencing methods were evaluated, the first one with mixed integer programming with a solver or PEM and the second one with the Branch and Bound heuristic, both methods met the objectives of the investigation.
In the following research we outline a problem in the operative planning system from the organization of work crews to the decision making in an operational horizon as to what activities to perform, when to perform them and at what time to perform them. For this research, the sequencing or Job Scheduling methodology will be used, which allows the allocation of resources to perform a set of tasks in each period and thus optimize the resource. Forestry activities in Colombia, especially in Silviculture, are not managed from Operations Research OR. Generally, these activities are planned from the experience and knowledge of Supervisors, Technicians and Engineers. That is why this work proposes an Integer Linear Programming model that allows planning forestry activities and making the best decisions. This planning will maximize the efficiency of operations and minimize costs in the short term. For the development of the research, the objective was the implementation of a model that allows sequencing the silvicultural operations, optimizing the time of the work crews. Followed by 4 specific objectives that were designed for the research approach. In this sense, a conceptual model was structured with two components, the first is a data model implemented in a relational database, which provides all the information required by the second component, the sequencing model of silvicultural operations. In the second component, two sequencing methods were evaluated, the first one with mixed integer programming with a solver or PEM and the second one with the Branch and Bound heuristic, both methods met the objectives of the investigation.