Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes pediátricos con urolitiasis en tres instituciones Del Eje Cafetero entre los años 2016 – 2019
Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes pediátricos con urolitiasis en tres instituciones Del Eje Cafetero entre los años 2016 – 2019
Autores
Director
Zapata Chica, Carlos Andrés
Martínez, José William
Autor corporativo
Recolector de datos
Otros/Desconocido
Director audiovisual
Editor/Compilador
Editores
Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira
Tipo de Material
Fecha
2022
Cita bibliográfica
Título de serie/ reporte/ volumen/ colección
Es Parte de
Resumen
La incidencia de urolitiasis en niños sigue aumentando. En nuestro medio desconocemos su comportamiento clínico. La mayoría tienen factores predisponentes metabólicos, infecciosos, anatómicos o combinados. Los objetivos de esta investigación son Identificar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de niños con urolitiasis.
Metodología: Estudio transversal en pacientes entre 0 y 18 años, con diagnóstico imagenológico y/o recuperación del lito en orina, en tres instituciones del Eje Cafetero, entre 2016 y 2019. La información se obtuvo a partir de las historias clínicas electrónicas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 64 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue 12 años, con relación mujer hombre 1:1,13. 27% tuvieron sobrepeso y obesidad. 33% presentaron historia familiar. Los signos clínicos más comunes el dolor abdominal (58%), infección urinaria y hematuria. 59% presentaron alteración alguna metabólica: hipercalciuria la más frecuente (34%), seguida de hipocitraturia (17%). La composición principal de los cálculos fue oxalato y carbonato de calcio (36%). En un paciente se confirmó cistinuria. La ecografía fue la imagen más empleada. Se hizo tratamiento conservador en 46 niños (72%). La litotripsia extracorpórea fue la intervención quirúrgica más empleada. 34% recurrieron. Hubo complicaciones en 51%, la principal fue obstrucción del tracto urinario (37%), con mayor riesgo a menor edad y peso, mayor tamaño del cálculo, localización intrarrenal y recurrencia.
Conclusiones: El diagnóstico fue más común en adolescentes, y su principal síntoma el dolor abdominal. La ecografía sigue siendo la imagen de elección. La mayoría de los niños reciben manejo conservador. El porcentaje alto de desórdenes metabólicos refuerza la importancia del tamizaje en los pacientes.
The incidence of urolithiasis in children continues to increase. In our environment we do not know its clinical behavior. Most have predisposing metabolic, infectious, anatomical, or combined factors. Objectives: To identify the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with urolithiasis. Methodology: Cross-sectional study in patients between 0 and 18 years old, with imaging diagnosis and/or urinary stone recovery, in three institutions of the Coffee Region, between 2016 and 2019. The information was obtained from electronic medical records. Results: 64 patients were included. The median age was 12 years, with a female to male ratio of 1:1.13. 27% were overweight and obese. 33% presented family history. The most common clinical signs are abdominal pain (58%), urinary infection and hematuria. 59% presented some metabolic alteration: hypercalciuria the most frequent (34%), followed by hypocitraturia (17%). The main composition of the stones was calcium oxalate and carbonate (36%). Cystinuria was confirmed in one patient. Ultrasound was the most used image. Conservative treatment was performed in 46 children (72%). Extracorporeal lithotripsy was the most used surgical intervention. 34% recurred. There were complications in 51%, the main one was urinary tract obstruction (37%), with a higher risk at lower age and weight, larger stone size, intrarenal location and recurrence. Conclusions: The diagnosis was more common in adolescents, and its main symptom was abdominal pain. Ultrasound remains the imaging of choice. Most children receive conservative management. The high percentage of metabolic disorders reinforces the importance of screening in the patients.
The incidence of urolithiasis in children continues to increase. In our environment we do not know its clinical behavior. Most have predisposing metabolic, infectious, anatomical, or combined factors. Objectives: To identify the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with urolithiasis. Methodology: Cross-sectional study in patients between 0 and 18 years old, with imaging diagnosis and/or urinary stone recovery, in three institutions of the Coffee Region, between 2016 and 2019. The information was obtained from electronic medical records. Results: 64 patients were included. The median age was 12 years, with a female to male ratio of 1:1.13. 27% were overweight and obese. 33% presented family history. The most common clinical signs are abdominal pain (58%), urinary infection and hematuria. 59% presented some metabolic alteration: hypercalciuria the most frequent (34%), followed by hypocitraturia (17%). The main composition of the stones was calcium oxalate and carbonate (36%). Cystinuria was confirmed in one patient. Ultrasound was the most used image. Conservative treatment was performed in 46 children (72%). Extracorporeal lithotripsy was the most used surgical intervention. 34% recurred. There were complications in 51%, the main one was urinary tract obstruction (37%), with a higher risk at lower age and weight, larger stone size, intrarenal location and recurrence. Conclusions: The diagnosis was more common in adolescents, and its main symptom was abdominal pain. Ultrasound remains the imaging of choice. Most children receive conservative management. The high percentage of metabolic disorders reinforces the importance of screening in the patients.